Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris, Scarlet Caterpillarclub, Dōng Chóng Xià Cǎo)
The cordyceps is a particularly rare and valuable mushroom. This mushroom grows mostly in elevations of 3000m or more about sea level in the highlands of Tibet. Yak shepherds in the region discovered that the mushroom, which the yaks would consume while grazing, increased the vitality and resilience of the animals. Cordyceps have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for almost 1500 years since then.
In contrast to many other fungi, the cordyceps does not grow on wood, but rather is a parasite of certain types of caterpillars. The cordyceps mummifies its host and a long brown mushroom grows out of the caterpillar's head which itself looks a bit like a caterpillar, hence the name "caterpillar mushroom." Nowadays, however, cordyceps are mostly cultivated in special substrates or nutrient solutions without caterpillar hosts.